Zakah and Sadaqah in Islam - Zakah is one of the five pillars of Islam. Zakah means "grow and
grow". it can also mean a blessing, clean, pure, lush and flourishing. Can
we take the conclusion that we as Muslims have been obliged by Allah SWT to
issue a zakah, as the words of Allah: "And be steadfast in prayer and pay
the poor due, and obey the Messenger, so that you may be given mercy".
(Surah An Nur 24: 56).
In another verse Allah explains that people who obey the command of Allah, especially in regular charity Allah will give grace to us and will be refunding us to the purity / back nature like a newborn child to the natural earth or like paper puti9h that no streaks -coretan which can contaminate the paper, as saying, "Take alms of their wealth, the charity that you clean and purify them and pray for them. Verily ye sin that (a) the tranquility of life for them. And Allah is All-Hearing, all-Knowing ". (Surat At Tawbah 9: 103).
CONDITIONS REQUIRED TO SPEND ZAKAH
Islam; Zakah is only obligatory for Muslims only.
Independent; A slave is not obliged to issue a zakah except zakah fitrah, while his master shall remove it. In the present issue of slave no more. However remain independent requirement should be included as one of the conditions required to issue a zakah for the issue of a slave is one of the conditions that still exist.
Wholly-owned; Zakah should treasure that will be wholly owned by a Muslim and to be independent. For treasure that cooperation between Muslims with non-Muslims, then only the wealth of the Muslims who issued their zakah.
Quite Haul; quite a haul means such property owned even a year, during the 354-day calendar according to hijra or 365 days according to the calendar mashehi.
Nisab enough; Nisab is the minimum value of the property is something that must be issued zakah. Most standard zakah (mal) using the value of the current gold price, the number was around 85 grams. The value of gold used for calculating the size nisab zakah money deposits, gold, shares, commerce, revenue and pension fund money.
TYPES ZAKAH
ZAKAH MAAL (TREASURE)
For treasure resting zakah on gold, zakah should be spent as much as 2.5% of the property shall Zakah (alms excluding livestock and grains that have a value of its own zakah).
ZAKAH MONEY DEPOSIT
Many business affairs that use the currency as a means of exchange, each country has its own currency value that is anchored in the exchange value of gold.
Dalil MANDATORY ZAKAH MONEY SAVING "Saiidina Ali has narrated that the Prophet said, 'When you have (deposits) 200 dirham and had quite a haul (even a year) diwajbkan zakah 5 dirham, and are not required to issue a zakah (gold) unless you have a 20 dinar and has quite haulnya obliged zakah half a dinar. Likewise, if the value increases and the levels are not compulsory zakah on wealth unless something even a year ". (Abu Dawud)
TERMS OF MONEY DEPOSIT REQUIRED ZAKAH
Islam
Independent
One's own
quite haul
quite nisab
ZAKAH GOLD and SILVER
History has proven that gold and silver is a precious metal. Very large utility that has been used as money and value / exchange tool for everything since the periods ago.
From this point of view Shari'ah gold and silver with its own views, and mengibaratkannya as a living natural resources. Syari'at charity obliges both if the form of money or the melt, and also benbentuk vessel, souvenirs, carvings or jewelry for men. The Word of God: And oarang those who hoard gold and silver and spend it not in the way of Allah: announce unto them, (that they will get) a painful punishment. On the day of heated gold and silver was in Hell, and burned with their foreheads, stomach and their backs (and said) to them: "This is your possession ye buried for yourselves, so taste now (due to) what you save it ".
Word of Allah which means as follows: Every owner of gold and silver that do not fulfill their rights, then at the last day made pieces and then burned in the fire of hell.
MANDATORY REQUIREMENT ZAKAH GOLD AND SILVER.
Islam
Independent
One's own
quite nisabnya
Quite haul (one year).
(Nisab of gold is 20 misqal or 85 grams of gold. Nisab of silver is 200 dirhams, or 595 grams of silver).
ZAKAH INCOME / PROFESSION
Perhaps the most prominent form of income in today's age is what you earned from work and profession. Zakah income or profession has been carried out as the most important thing at the time of Muawiyah AND UMAR BIN ABDUL AZIZ. Zakah of this type is known by the name of Al-Ata 'and the modern era, is known as "Kasbul Amal". However, due to the unfavorable age perkemabangan Muslims, then this type of zakah received less attention. Now it is proper if it began in earnest back in, because they are big enough potential.
MANDATORY proposition ZAKAH PROFESSIONALS / REVENUE
The Word of God: O ye who believe, keluarkanlah / spend in (in Allah) as part of the results of your efforts are good and some of what we remove from the earth for you (Surat Al-Baqarah 2: 267). In this verse, Allah explains that all the results of operations of the good shall be issued zakah. Including those of the workers of the salary or income of the profession as a doctor, consultant, artist, accounting, notary, and so on. Imam Al Razi believes that the concept of "net income" includes all the treasures in the overall concept generated by human activity or activities.
MANDATORY REQUIREMENT ZAKAH REVENUE
Islam
Independent
One's own
Results of operations as a source of zakah. The results of these efforts include the revenue, which consists of a collection Honor, Salary, Bonus, Commission, Giving, professional income, the results of the rent and so on. The Fuqoha explained that all such income as "Mal Mustafad" is a new acquisition that is included in a source subject to zakah treasure.
Quite Nisab. Nisab for Zakah earnings / profession refers to the value of 85 grams of gold, at current prices. Usually the income / salary is always welcome in the form of currency, for the zakah anchored in the value of gold.
Quite Haul. Context haul in zakah revenue is within a period of one year is the distance of the collection of the results obtained from various sources over the years. Because the spirit is very important charity is seen revenue from property acquisition or issue of income and wealth instead of saving money. So here is the meaning of haul distance revenue collection for one year instead of the length of saving for a year as zakah savings.
ZAKAH STOCK and BOND
Stocks are limited ownership rights over the property of a limited liability company (PT) or on the appointment of a particular stock. Each share represents the same part for that property.
Bonds are valuable papers (sort of a check) that contains a recognition that banks, corporations, or governments owe to their carrier with a certain number of a certain relationship anyway
Stocks and Bonds are valuable papers that apply in trade transactions specifically called STOCK EXCHANGE.
How to calculate zakah Stock and Bond is 2.5% above the lowest number of all shares / bonds held for a year, after deducting or issued a loan to buy shares (if any).
ZAKAH proposition AND CONDITIONS REQUIRED TO SHARE.
Proposition and a mandatory requirement of zakah issuing shares or bonds and the same as the argument of a mandatory requirement on deposits above zakah money.
ZAKAH an'am (ANIMALS ANIMALS)
Livestock animals are obligatory Zakah include camel, cows, buffaloes and goats. A mandatory requirement of zakah on animal owners are:
Islam,
Independent,
100% self-owned, until reckoning (limit) of her and has been owned for one year. Described in the Hadith, "It is not obligatory zakah on someone's property before one year has." (Transmitted Daruquthni)
Dirumput grazing without purchasing.
The animals were used plow fields or pull wagons not subject to zakah. confirmed by the Prophet Muhammad. "It is not no charity for cows that used to work." (Transmitted by Abu Daud and Daruquthni).
ZAKAH FITRAH
Every Eid of Muslims are obliged to pay zakah fitrah as much as three liters of foods consumed daily. This is confirmed in the hadith of Ibn Umar, said, "Messenger of Allah requires that charity fthri, breaking the fast of Ramadan, as many as one sha '(3.1 liters) tamar or grain on every Muslim free and slave, male or female." (Bukhari) ,
The terms of compulsory zakah fitrah, namely:
Islam
Have excess wealth to eat everyday. Mu'az when the Messenger of Allah sent to Yemen, he ordered, "Let it be told to the population of Yemen, Allah has obliged them alms (zakah) taken from the rich and given to people - indigent person among them." (HR Jamaah experts Hadith). Prophet also said, "He who asks - asked he was insufficient in fact it multiplies the fires of hell (torture)." The Companions when asked "What is meant by sufficient?" The Messenger of Allah, "That is sufficient for him was just enough for him meal noon and night. "(Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah). Excess property is certainly not the items used every - day like houses, furniture and others. So no need to sell something to pay tithes.
People who are eligible to receive zakah fitrah determined by Allah in the Qur'an there are eight Group. "Indeed, the charity - almsgiving (zakah) was only for people - people Fakir, Poor, Board zakah (amil), people - people who have persuaded her heart (a convert), to free a slave - a slave who has promised to be set free, the debtors ( gharim) for the sake of Allah (sabilillah) and for the wayfarer (a person on the way). Such a provision of God "(Q.S. At Tauba: 60)
Verse explanation by Imam Shafi'i as follows:
Fakir, are people who do not have jobs and no possessions.
Poor, is a person who has a job but penghasilanya not self-sufficient.
Amil, is the committee that receive and distribute zakah.
Muslim convert, is
People who are new to Islam because faith is not firm.
Muslims effect on his people in the hope that others of his kind to convert to Islam.
Muslims influential Gentiles so that we preserved from the evil - the unbelievers under the influence.
People who are resisting the crimes of people - who are anti zakah.
In another verse Allah explains that people who obey the command of Allah, especially in regular charity Allah will give grace to us and will be refunding us to the purity / back nature like a newborn child to the natural earth or like paper puti9h that no streaks -coretan which can contaminate the paper, as saying, "Take alms of their wealth, the charity that you clean and purify them and pray for them. Verily ye sin that (a) the tranquility of life for them. And Allah is All-Hearing, all-Knowing ". (Surat At Tawbah 9: 103).
CONDITIONS REQUIRED TO SPEND ZAKAH
Islam; Zakah is only obligatory for Muslims only.
Independent; A slave is not obliged to issue a zakah except zakah fitrah, while his master shall remove it. In the present issue of slave no more. However remain independent requirement should be included as one of the conditions required to issue a zakah for the issue of a slave is one of the conditions that still exist.
Wholly-owned; Zakah should treasure that will be wholly owned by a Muslim and to be independent. For treasure that cooperation between Muslims with non-Muslims, then only the wealth of the Muslims who issued their zakah.
Quite Haul; quite a haul means such property owned even a year, during the 354-day calendar according to hijra or 365 days according to the calendar mashehi.
Nisab enough; Nisab is the minimum value of the property is something that must be issued zakah. Most standard zakah (mal) using the value of the current gold price, the number was around 85 grams. The value of gold used for calculating the size nisab zakah money deposits, gold, shares, commerce, revenue and pension fund money.
TYPES ZAKAH
ZAKAH MAAL (TREASURE)
For treasure resting zakah on gold, zakah should be spent as much as 2.5% of the property shall Zakah (alms excluding livestock and grains that have a value of its own zakah).
ZAKAH MONEY DEPOSIT
Many business affairs that use the currency as a means of exchange, each country has its own currency value that is anchored in the exchange value of gold.
Dalil MANDATORY ZAKAH MONEY SAVING "Saiidina Ali has narrated that the Prophet said, 'When you have (deposits) 200 dirham and had quite a haul (even a year) diwajbkan zakah 5 dirham, and are not required to issue a zakah (gold) unless you have a 20 dinar and has quite haulnya obliged zakah half a dinar. Likewise, if the value increases and the levels are not compulsory zakah on wealth unless something even a year ". (Abu Dawud)
TERMS OF MONEY DEPOSIT REQUIRED ZAKAH
Islam
Independent
One's own
quite haul
quite nisab
ZAKAH GOLD and SILVER
History has proven that gold and silver is a precious metal. Very large utility that has been used as money and value / exchange tool for everything since the periods ago.
From this point of view Shari'ah gold and silver with its own views, and mengibaratkannya as a living natural resources. Syari'at charity obliges both if the form of money or the melt, and also benbentuk vessel, souvenirs, carvings or jewelry for men. The Word of God: And oarang those who hoard gold and silver and spend it not in the way of Allah: announce unto them, (that they will get) a painful punishment. On the day of heated gold and silver was in Hell, and burned with their foreheads, stomach and their backs (and said) to them: "This is your possession ye buried for yourselves, so taste now (due to) what you save it ".
Word of Allah which means as follows: Every owner of gold and silver that do not fulfill their rights, then at the last day made pieces and then burned in the fire of hell.
MANDATORY REQUIREMENT ZAKAH GOLD AND SILVER.
Islam
Independent
One's own
quite nisabnya
Quite haul (one year).
(Nisab of gold is 20 misqal or 85 grams of gold. Nisab of silver is 200 dirhams, or 595 grams of silver).
ZAKAH INCOME / PROFESSION
Perhaps the most prominent form of income in today's age is what you earned from work and profession. Zakah income or profession has been carried out as the most important thing at the time of Muawiyah AND UMAR BIN ABDUL AZIZ. Zakah of this type is known by the name of Al-Ata 'and the modern era, is known as "Kasbul Amal". However, due to the unfavorable age perkemabangan Muslims, then this type of zakah received less attention. Now it is proper if it began in earnest back in, because they are big enough potential.
MANDATORY proposition ZAKAH PROFESSIONALS / REVENUE
The Word of God: O ye who believe, keluarkanlah / spend in (in Allah) as part of the results of your efforts are good and some of what we remove from the earth for you (Surat Al-Baqarah 2: 267). In this verse, Allah explains that all the results of operations of the good shall be issued zakah. Including those of the workers of the salary or income of the profession as a doctor, consultant, artist, accounting, notary, and so on. Imam Al Razi believes that the concept of "net income" includes all the treasures in the overall concept generated by human activity or activities.
MANDATORY REQUIREMENT ZAKAH REVENUE
Islam
Independent
One's own
Results of operations as a source of zakah. The results of these efforts include the revenue, which consists of a collection Honor, Salary, Bonus, Commission, Giving, professional income, the results of the rent and so on. The Fuqoha explained that all such income as "Mal Mustafad" is a new acquisition that is included in a source subject to zakah treasure.
Quite Nisab. Nisab for Zakah earnings / profession refers to the value of 85 grams of gold, at current prices. Usually the income / salary is always welcome in the form of currency, for the zakah anchored in the value of gold.
Quite Haul. Context haul in zakah revenue is within a period of one year is the distance of the collection of the results obtained from various sources over the years. Because the spirit is very important charity is seen revenue from property acquisition or issue of income and wealth instead of saving money. So here is the meaning of haul distance revenue collection for one year instead of the length of saving for a year as zakah savings.
ZAKAH STOCK and BOND
Stocks are limited ownership rights over the property of a limited liability company (PT) or on the appointment of a particular stock. Each share represents the same part for that property.
Bonds are valuable papers (sort of a check) that contains a recognition that banks, corporations, or governments owe to their carrier with a certain number of a certain relationship anyway
Stocks and Bonds are valuable papers that apply in trade transactions specifically called STOCK EXCHANGE.
How to calculate zakah Stock and Bond is 2.5% above the lowest number of all shares / bonds held for a year, after deducting or issued a loan to buy shares (if any).
ZAKAH proposition AND CONDITIONS REQUIRED TO SHARE.
Proposition and a mandatory requirement of zakah issuing shares or bonds and the same as the argument of a mandatory requirement on deposits above zakah money.
ZAKAH an'am (ANIMALS ANIMALS)
Livestock animals are obligatory Zakah include camel, cows, buffaloes and goats. A mandatory requirement of zakah on animal owners are:
Islam,
Independent,
100% self-owned, until reckoning (limit) of her and has been owned for one year. Described in the Hadith, "It is not obligatory zakah on someone's property before one year has." (Transmitted Daruquthni)
Dirumput grazing without purchasing.
The animals were used plow fields or pull wagons not subject to zakah. confirmed by the Prophet Muhammad. "It is not no charity for cows that used to work." (Transmitted by Abu Daud and Daruquthni).
ZAKAH FITRAH
Every Eid of Muslims are obliged to pay zakah fitrah as much as three liters of foods consumed daily. This is confirmed in the hadith of Ibn Umar, said, "Messenger of Allah requires that charity fthri, breaking the fast of Ramadan, as many as one sha '(3.1 liters) tamar or grain on every Muslim free and slave, male or female." (Bukhari) ,
The terms of compulsory zakah fitrah, namely:
Islam
Have excess wealth to eat everyday. Mu'az when the Messenger of Allah sent to Yemen, he ordered, "Let it be told to the population of Yemen, Allah has obliged them alms (zakah) taken from the rich and given to people - indigent person among them." (HR Jamaah experts Hadith). Prophet also said, "He who asks - asked he was insufficient in fact it multiplies the fires of hell (torture)." The Companions when asked "What is meant by sufficient?" The Messenger of Allah, "That is sufficient for him was just enough for him meal noon and night. "(Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah). Excess property is certainly not the items used every - day like houses, furniture and others. So no need to sell something to pay tithes.
People who are eligible to receive zakah fitrah determined by Allah in the Qur'an there are eight Group. "Indeed, the charity - almsgiving (zakah) was only for people - people Fakir, Poor, Board zakah (amil), people - people who have persuaded her heart (a convert), to free a slave - a slave who has promised to be set free, the debtors ( gharim) for the sake of Allah (sabilillah) and for the wayfarer (a person on the way). Such a provision of God "(Q.S. At Tauba: 60)
Verse explanation by Imam Shafi'i as follows:
Fakir, are people who do not have jobs and no possessions.
Poor, is a person who has a job but penghasilanya not self-sufficient.
Amil, is the committee that receive and distribute zakah.
Muslim convert, is
People who are new to Islam because faith is not firm.
Muslims effect on his people in the hope that others of his kind to convert to Islam.
Muslims influential Gentiles so that we preserved from the evil - the unbelievers under the influence.
People who are resisting the crimes of people - who are anti zakah.
Riqab, was a slave who wanted to liberate themselves by
paying a ransom.
Gharim, is a person who a lot of debt, both to
themselves and to reconcile the disputants and to guarantee the debts of
others.
Sabilillah, is for religious purposes.
Ibn sabil, is a traveler who ran out of stock.
The benefits of charitable giving, among other things:
Strengthen the relationship of rich and poor.
In order to prevent crimes from those - the poor and hard to undermine public order. Word of Allah, "And let not those - people griping with treasures that God has given them of His bounty think that it is good for their stinginess. Actually stinginess that is bad for them. "(Q.S. Ali Imran: 180)
In order to clean themselves. Word of Allah, "Take alms from meraka treasure. the charity that you cleanse and purify them and mendoakanlah to them. Surely prayer you become their tranquility and Allah is heard again knowing. "(Q.S. At Tawbah: 103).
Ibn sabil, is a traveler who ran out of stock.
The benefits of charitable giving, among other things:
Strengthen the relationship of rich and poor.
In order to prevent crimes from those - the poor and hard to undermine public order. Word of Allah, "And let not those - people griping with treasures that God has given them of His bounty think that it is good for their stinginess. Actually stinginess that is bad for them. "(Q.S. Ali Imran: 180)
In order to clean themselves. Word of Allah, "Take alms from meraka treasure. the charity that you cleanse and purify them and mendoakanlah to them. Surely prayer you become their tranquility and Allah is heard again knowing. "(Q.S. At Tawbah: 103).
Definition Sadaqah
Sadaqah origin shadaqoh an Arabic word which means a gift given by a Muslim
to another person spontaneously and voluntarily without being limited by time
and a certain amount. Also means a gift given by a person as a virtue that hope
and the blessings of Allah and merit alone. Sadaqah in the definition above by
the jurists (Jurist) disebuh sadaqah at-tatawwu '(Sadaqah spontaneously and
voluntarily).
In the Qur'an many verses that encourage Muslims to always give Sadaqah. Among the paragraph in question is the word of Allah which means:
'' There is no good in most of their secret talk, except for the promptings of the person who sent (men) charity, or do ma'ruf or make peace among people. And those who do so, seeking the pleasure of Allah, then later we will give him a great reward. '' (Surat an-Nisa [4]: 114).
Hadith advocating charity also not few in number.
The jurists agree charity law is basically the sunnah, rewarding when done and no sin if abandoned. In addition to the Sunnah, sometimes legal Sadaqah be unlawful, namely in the case of someone who give Sadaqah to know for sure that the person who will receive the Sadaqah charity will use the property for disobedience. Lastly there are times when the law changed into mandatory Sadaqah, that is, when one meets with other people who are starving to be able to threaten the safety of his soul, as he had more food than what is required at that time. Legal charity also becomes mandatory if a person vowed want to give Sadaqah to a person or institution.
According to jurists, charity in the sense of at-tatawwu sadaqah 'differs from zakat. Sadaqah better, if given tacitly than explicitly given in terms notified or reported to the public. This is in line with the hadith of the Prophet of the companions of Abu Hurayrah. In the hadith described one group of servants of Allah who gets his shade on the Day of Judgment later is someone who gives Sadaqah with his right hand and then he had hidden as if the left hand does not know what has been given by the right hand.
More mainstream Sadaqah given to the relatives or next of kin before it is given to others. Then the Sadaqah should be given to those who truly're hankering for a helping hand. Regarding the main criteria more items wherewithal, the jurists argued, the wherewithal goods should the goods are of good quality and well liked by their owners.
This is in accordance with the word of Allah, which means;
'' You never come to worship (perfect), before you spend most of that which ye love ... '' (Surah Ali Imran [3]: 92).
Pahala Sadaqah will disappear when the giver always mention the Sadaqah he has given or hurt the feelings of the recipient. This is confirmed by Allah in His word which means:
'' O ye who believe, do not eliminate (reward) charity to mention it and hurt the feelings of the recipient. '' (Al-Baqarah [2]: 264).
